Generation Two - Transistors -  The Era of Miniaturization Begins

    Before transistors engineers used vacuum tubes to make digital circuits. The Bell Telephone System needed something better than vacuum tubes and to find this replacedment they assembled a team of scientists to try and find a substitute for the clnky, large, and faulty vacuum tube. The team comprised of John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley. The transistor was invented by John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain, while William Shockley made the junction transistor.  The switch to transistors began a trend towards miniturization that continues as we progress and became an integral part of the technology boom. Transistors made of semiconductors replaced vacuum tubes. Vacuum tubes took up a lot of space and required a lot of maintenance and power to run, however when the switch from vacuum tubes to transistors ocurred, computers could perform the same functions as before, while requiring less power, and maintenance. The transistor  controls the movement of electrons, they are not only capable of starting and stopping the flow of electricity, they are able to control the ammount of it. The transistor however was not perfect, as, like any other electronic component, it had to be soldered and as the circuits got more complex, and the more numerous the connections between individual transistors, the chance of faulty wiring increased.

 

 

 

 

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